TWN Info Service on WTO and Trade Issues (Jul17/03)
11 July 2017
Third World Network
EU and Brazil oppose end to "green box" cotton payments
Published in SUNS #8496 dated 6 July 2017
Geneva, 5 Jul (D. Ravi Kanth) -- The European Union and Brazil opposed the
elimination of a range of green box direct payments for cotton as demanded by
the Cotton-4 countries - Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Chad - in the
unresolved Doha agriculture negotiations at the WTO.
The EU-Brazilian opposition would ensure that green box subsidies will not be
touched despite their trade- distorting effect, trade envoys told the SUNS.
In their sustained efforts for securing a meaningful outcome on the cotton
subsidies at the World Trade Organization's eleventh ministerial meeting in
Buenos Aires in December this year, the four West African cotton-dependent
countries - Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Chad - had for the first time put
forward a range of proposals on cotton subsidies in the unresolved Doha
agriculture negotiations at the World Trade Organization.
They proposed that both green box direct payments on cotton as well as
trade-distorting Amber box (Aggregate Measurement of Support) subsidies must be
tackled in one go.
At a meeting of trade envoys of select countries convened by the chair for the
Doha agriculture negotiations, Ambassador Stephen Karau of Kenya, on 30 June,
the C-4 countries circulated a proposal demanding the elimination of green box
payments, which run into over ten billion dollars, along with the steep
reduction commitments in the most trade-distorting Amber box
(Aggregate Measurement of Support) subsidies, based on the formula approach of
the Doha revised draft modalities text of December 2008.
Though the proposal is not circulated officially, participants who took part in
the meeting said the C-4 countries had made these two proposals.
First, the Cotton-4 said, the developed countries must eliminate the green box
payments.
And second, those members - both developed and developing - who undertook
Aggregate Measurement of Support (AMS) commitments in the Uruguay Round must
agree to steep reduction commitments as per the formula approach in the revised
draft modalities of December 2008.
The four West African countries also proposed that the developing countries
without AMS commitments must agree to a 10% overall limit on their cotton
support programs in line with the de minimis disciplines.
China, according to the C-4 proposal, can only spend up to 8.5% of its de
minimis support as per the commitments that China undertook in its accession
protocol of 2001.
Surprisingly, the proposal on the elimination of green box measures for cotton
from the four West African countries faced fierce opposition from the European
Union and Brazil.
Incidentally, Brazil, which had championed the cause of agriculture reform by
forming the G20 group of developing countries on the eve of the Cancun
Ministerial in 2003 (as a counter to the EU and US closing ranks to ignore
their own subsidies, but try to pry open developing country markets for their
own subsidised exports) has now joined hands with the European Union for
drafting a proposal on how to reduce subsidies in domestic support.
At the meeting, the European Union and Brazil opposed elimination of green box
payments on the ground that reduction commitments involved only
trade-distorting domestic support or AMS payments in the unfinished Doha
agriculture negotiations.
The EU and Brazil, however, said they will support steep cuts in the AMS in
line with what will be agreed for reducing the overall trade-distorting
domestic support.
The United States opposed the proposal from the C-4 countries on grounds that
India and China are exempt from any cuts.
The US said it will not accept the C-4 proposal that will allow the developing
countries who did not undertake AMS commitments to continue with their
subsidies under the de minimis, said a trade envoy who asked not to be quoted.
Brazil and Colombia said the C-4 proposal cannot be supported, arguing that it
made a distinction between the developing countries with AMS commitments and
those without the AMS commitments.
The C-4 countries are now expected to come up with a revised proposal, the
trade envoy said.
In their "Cotonou Ministerial Declaration on Cotton" issued on 5 May,
trade ministers of the four West African countries emphasized that the subsidy
payments - green and Amber box measures - are distorting "prices on the
world cotton market, thereby contributing to the impoverishment of millions of
people in the cotton producing and exporting African and least-developed
countries."
The trade ministers stressed "the crucial role of the cotton sector in
achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably as regards the
fight against poverty and the contribution to food security in the cotton
producing and exporting African countries and LDCs."
They said: "Trade Ministers gave a clear and specific mandate for
addressing the cotton issue at the WTO in the Ministerial Decision on Cotton
adopted on 1 August 2004 in Geneva and on 22 December 2005 in Hong Kong, calling
for the cotton issue to be addressed "ambitiously, expeditiously and
specifically"."
The trade ministers urged "WTO members granting domestic support that
distorts the international market to strive for further progress in the work on
cotton, with a view to achieving the objectives established for this vital
issue."
The four trade ministers said they are "deeply concerned with the
international context, characterized by the resurgence of protectionism and the
uncertainty surrounding the WTO ministerial trade negotiations in the lead up
to the Eleventh WTO Ministerial meeting."
However, the prospects for an outcome on cotton at Buenos Aires remain bleak
unless the four countries wage a grim fight on a make-or-break footing at
Buenos Aires, said several trade envoys. +