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Info Service on Finance and Development (May08/01) BCBS MOVES TO STRENGTHEN THE RESILIENCE OF THE BANKING SYSTEM The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) announced in April a series of steps being taken, with new rules to tighten regulatory frameworks for banking and banking supervision “to help the banking system be more resilient to financial shocks.” The moves come in the wake of proposals and recommendations published early in April by the Financial Stability Forum, and which was endorsed by the G7 finance ministers at their meetings in Washington DC just before the April International Monetary Finance Committee sessions. Below a report on the BCBS reforms by SUNS emeritus editor Chakravathi Raghavan. It was published in SUNS # 6458, Friday, 18 April 2008. This article is reproduced here with the permission of the SUNS. Reproduction or recirculation requires permission of SUNS (sunstwn@bluewin.ch). With
best wishes BCBS
Moves to Strengthen the Resilience of the Banking System The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) announced a series of steps being taken, with new rules to tighten regulatory frameworks for banking and banking supervision “to help the banking system be more resilient to financial shocks.” The moves comes in the wake of proposals and recommendations published earlier this month by the Financial Stability Forum, and which was endorsed by the G7 finance ministers at their meetings in Washington DC last week just before the International Monetary Finance Committee sessions. Side by side, or coincidentally, the Chairman of the London–based International Accounting Standards Board has said in an interview with the Financial Times, that proposals are being discussed within the accounting group to force banks to provide detailed listings of their alphabetic soup of off–balance sheet vehicles and the liabilities – via Collateralised Debt Obligations (CDOs) and other derivative instruments that banks created by securitising mortgage and other debts, and selling them off to others and which they are now called upon to honour by the buyers who had options. The
full ramifications and extent of the current financial crisis – and
the damage caused mainly by the way the It is difficult to know or prognosticate whether the BCBS moves, and the accountancy standard moves, will restore public confidence, leave aside prevent a future crisis – since inevitably these supervisory standards are always in the position of “locking the stable after the horses are stolen.” There are a few, a minority at this point, who believe that there is need to re–erect the firewalls (like the Glass–Steagall Act) put in place by President Franklin Roosevelt and the US Congress in the wake of the market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression years, to restore confidence. But pending considered actions, the moves by BCBS and the Accounting standard setters – which themselves will take time to be agreed upon and announced – may perhaps take the heat off the governments, and make it appear that change of course is under way. The series of proposed steps announced by the Basel Committee Wednesday include:
These measures will be introduced in a manner that promotes long–term bank resiliency and strong supervision, while seeking to avoid potentially adverse near–term impacts as the re–pricing of risk and de–leveraging process continues in financial markets, the BCBS announcement said. The Committee’s actions also are in support of the Financial Stability Forum’s Working Group on Market and Institutional Resilience, which recently released its report to the G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors. “A resilient banking system is central to sound financial markets and growth,” stated Nout Wellink, Chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and President of the Netherlands Bank. “Supervisors cannot predict the next crisis but they can carry forward the lessons from recent events to promote a more resilient banking system that can weather shocks, whatever the source. The key building blocks to core bank resiliency are strong capital cushions, robust liquidity buffers, strong risk management and supervision, and better market discipline through transparency.” The
Committee reiterated the importance of implementing the Basel II Framework
as it better reflects the types of risks banks face in an increasingly
market–based credit intermediation process. Basel II is just now being
implemented in most The market turmoil has already provided important lessons that will help guide the Committee in further strengthening certain aspects of the Framework. The Committee is introducing a number of measures to help ensure sufficient capital, to capture off–balance sheet exposures more effectively and to improve regulatory capital incentives. In particular, the Committee will revise the Framework to establish higher capital requirements for certain complex structured credit products, such as so–called “resecuritisations” or CDOs of ABS, which have produced the majority of losses during the recent market turbulence. It will strengthen the capital treatment of liquidity facilities extended to support off–balance sheet vehicles such as ABCP conduits. More detailed proposals will be published later this year. The Committee will strengthen the capital requirements in the trading book. Global banks’ trading assets have grown at double digit rates in recent years, and in some cases represent the majority of a bank’s assets. The proportion of complex, less liquid credit products held in the trading book has likewise increased rapidly. The current value–at–risk based treatment for assessing capital for trading book risk does not capture extraordinary events that can affect many such exposures. The Committee, in cooperation with the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), therefore is extending the scope of its existing proposed guidelines for “incremental default risk” to include other potential event risks in the trading book. Until this event risk charge is in place (planned for 2010), an interim treatment will be applied for complex securitisations held in the trading book. The Committee expects to issue its event risk proposal for public consultation later this year, and it also will conduct a quantitative impact assessment. The Committee will monitor Basel II minimum requirements and capital buffers over the credit cycle. To the extent that this analysis reveals any shortcomings in capital cushions, the Committee will take appropriate measures to help ensure Basel II provides a sound capital framework for addressing banks’ evolving and complex risk profiles. Risk management practices The market turmoil has revealed significant risk management weaknesses at banking institutions. Pillar 2 (the supervisory review process) provides supervisors with additional tools to assess banks’ risk management and internal capital management processes. The Committee will issue Pillar 2 guidance in a number of areas to help strengthen risk management and supervisory practices. These relate to the management of firm–wide risks; banks’ stress testing practices and capital planning processes; the management of off–balance sheet exposures and associated reputational risks; risk management practices relating to securitisation activities; and supervisory assessment of banks’ valuation practices. The BCBS said that banks need to have strong liquidity cushions to weather prolonged periods of financial market stress and illiquidity. In July, the Committee will publish for consultation global sound practice standards for the management and supervision of liquidity risks. These will address many of the shortcomings witnessed in the banking sector. Among other weaknesses, these relate to stress testing practices, contingency funding plans, and management of on– and off–balance sheet activity as well as contingent commitments. The Committee will coordinate rigorous follow up by supervisors to ensure banks adhere to these fundamental principles. The Committee also has launched an initiative to review the need for more consistency in global liquidity regulation and supervision of cross border banks as a way to enhance their resiliency to financial market stress. Weaknesses in bank transparency and valuation practices for complex products have contributed to the build–up of concentrations in illiquid structured credit products and the undermining of confidence in the banking sector. The Committee is taking concrete action to promote stronger industry practices in this area. In the area of disclosures, BCBS said it will promote enhanced disclosures relating to complex securitisation exposures, ABCP conduits and the sponsorship of off–balance sheet vehicles. Disclosure is a critical element of the Basel II Framework and Pillar 3 (market discipline) provides the Committee with the necessary leverage to achieve these enhancements, as such disclosures are a prerequisite for banks’ being able to use the advanced approaches under Basel II. The Committee will issue further guidance in this area by 2009. As for valuation practices, weaknesses in valuation practices and related disclosures by banks have contributed to amplifying the market dislocation. Some of these shortcomings came to light during the course of the Committee’s review of valuation practices that it conducted in 2007. In addition, the Committee will develop guidance that supervisors can use to assess the rigour of banks’ valuation processes and thereby promote improvements in risk management in this area. This will draw on the Committee’s existing trading book and fair value option guidance and industry best practice. The
BCBS provides a forum for regular cooperation on banking supervisory
matters, and to promote and strengthen supervisory and risk management
practices globally. The Committee’s members come from the industrialized
countries –
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