TWN Info Service on Free Trade Agreements

05 March 2008


African Civil Society Urge a Stop to EPAs

The Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between Europe and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries, if signed, would be detrimental to the economies and development of the ACP countries, according to African civil society groups.

More than 50 groups issued a declaration at the end of a meeting organized by the African Trade Network which warned that these free trade agreements (FTAs) posed a threat to government revenue, local producers and industries, food sovereignty, essential public services, and the regional integration of African countries; as well as to the right of African countries to develop their economies according to their needs and priorities.

Apart from the ACP countries, the EU is also negotiating FTAs with ASEAN, India and South Korea. It can be expected that these FTAs would cover similar issues and content as that of the EPAs between Europe and Africa and thus the concerns raised by the African civil societies groups would also apply in these cases.

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African Civil society groups urge a stop to EPAs
Published in SUNS (South-North Development Monitor) #6425 dated 29 February 2008

By Kanaga Raja, Geneva, 28 Feb 2008

A group of over fifty civil society and social movements from Africa have called for a stop to the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between Europe and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries, saying that these free trade agreements will destroy the economies of the ACP countries.

The group's call came in a declaration that was issued at a meeting of the Africa Trade Network - comprising more than fifty social movements and civil society organizations - in Cape Town, South Africa on 20-23 February.

The groups demanded that the "interim" agreements that have been entered into be nullified, and that options such as enhanced GSP Plus and the Everything-But-Arms initiative be utilized. They also said that there must be no negotiations on services, investment, intellectual property, competition, government procurement and any other new issues.

In their call to action against what they termed as Europe's "aggressive" economic agenda in Africa, the groups, which met to review the latest developments in the EPA negotiations, reaffirmed their unequivocal opposition to these agreements.

"We, civil society organisations, including farmers, workers, women's, faith-based and students' groups and organisations, call on our people to redouble their efforts to stop the self-serving free trade agreements, misleadingly designated as Economic Partnership Agreements' that Europe seeks to impose on African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries, and which will destroy the economies of these countries," said the declaration.

It added that when the EPA negotiations were launched, civil society organisations from all over Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific and Europe warned that the EPAs were profoundly anti-developmental.

"We pointed out that the EPAs posed a threat not only specifically to government revenue, local producers and industries, food sovereignty, essential public services, and the regional integration of African countries; but also to the right and capacity in general of African countries to develop their economies according to the needs of their people and their own national, regional and continental priorities."

The latest developments in these negotiations have exposed even more sharply the fundamental outrage represented by the EPAs, the civil society organizations said.

The declaration noted that at the end of 2007, Europe deployed manipulative and heavy-handed tactics in an attempt to force African governments into so-called "interim" agreements. "When it became clear that no African regional bloc would agree to its demands, the European Commission, with the active support of its member states, resorted to blatant divide-and-rule tactics."

Europe capitalised on the fact that, for historical reasons, a few export sectors in Africa are largely dependent on the European market. By threatening to close access to these markets and throw export sectors into chaos, Europe rode roughshod over the regional negotiating processes and instigated bilateral deals with individual countries, the groups said.

The more vulnerable African governments were forced to concede to Europe's demand for "interim" trade deals, and in the process, completely undermined regional negotiating positions.

These Interim Economic Partnership Agreements reveal Europe's true face, said the declaration, pointing out that the deals are classical free trade agreements that clearly serve Europe's commercial and geo-economic interests.

"All the claims about supporting Africa's development and regional integration have been exposed as false."

Merely to secure a level of market access that is remarkably similar to previous levels, ACP countries involved in the interim agreements have had to concede to opening up their economies to historically unprecedented levels even beyond the commitments required at the multilateral level.

In addition, said the groups, Europe took advantage of the circumstances to insert clauses in the interim agreements that were not even part of earlier negotiations. These include the "most favoured nation" clause, a standstill clause that forbids countries from ever raising tariffs on imports from Europe, and restrictions and even outright prohibitions on export taxes.

These provisions only serve to lock in further these countries into Europe's agenda, and prevent them from exploring other options and relations within the changing global order. This will take away their space for autonomous policy to create jobs, secure livelihoods and pursue equitable economic development and regional integration.

Throughout the negotiating process, aid has been used as a bait to lure African governments into long and protracted debates, which have diverted attention from the fundamental economic issues at stake and misled them into taking on onerous commitments. As the "Interim" deals make abundantly clear, promises of additional financing are illusory, said the declaration.

It noted that the negotiating agenda for 2008 aims to deepen the above processes. Europe intends to lock in the "interim" agreements with all their "outrageous provisions" as quickly as possible.

This is a clear breach of the understanding on which they were provisionally initialled - namely that the deals were merely a means to avoid possible retaliation at the WTO and that any contentious elements would be renegotiated, the groups maintained.

In addition, Europe is exerting high levels of pressure on African governments to expand the negotiations to open up the services sector and to include binding rules on investment, competition policy, and government procurement.

Such rules will take away the right of African governments to manage investment and investors in ways that serve Africa's own development. The inclusion of such issues is not necessary at the multilateral level and is against the expressed wishes and declarations of Africa's governments and peoples.

"Today, it is clear more than ever, that the EPAs are Europe's means of locking-in the fundamentally unequal relationships between Africa and Europe. Viewed from Africa, this is nothing less than re-colonisation."

It is more urgent now than ever that Africa's people and their allies unite in action to defeat this agenda, said the declaration, which listed several demands to this end.

These include that:

-- The "interim" agreements that have been entered into are nullified; and, to avoid threats of trade disruption, utilize options such as enhanced GSP Plus and Everything-But-Arms;

-- There must be no negotiations on services, investment, intellectual property, competition, government procurement and any other new issues in order to ensure that all sovereignty on these issues is retained at the national and regional levels;

-- There must be a return to our own development agendas based on national priorities within consolidated regional communities in Africa;

-- Any relationship between Africa and Europe must be based on our development agenda and recognise the principles of non-reciprocity, the right to protect our domestic and regional markets, and our economic sovereignty.

The groups saluted the majority of African governments that have so far-resisted any form of agreement with Europe, and called on these governments to work with the more vulnerable countries in order to reverse the "interim" arrangements. They further called on the governments that have initialled agreements not to sign and for parliaments to refuse to ratify them in case they are signed.

The groups also called on civil society organisations and other citizens groups in Europe and other parts of the world who are also resisting European free trade agreements to strengthen their active solidarity with the African campaign to stop the EPAs. +