TWN BRIEFING PAPERS

• Abusing the Patent System: Gilead’s evergreening tactics to prolong lenacapavir monopoly
  (May 2025)

• Uneven exchange for Fiji: Nothing reciprocal in Trump’s on-again, off-again tariffs
  by Goh Chien Yen (April 2025)

• Following the ICJ advisory opinion on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, comprehensive trade measures against Israel are required from third States
  by Kinda Mohamadieh (February 2025)

• Fisheries subsidies agreement at the WTO: A briefing note for fisher groups
  by Ranja Sengupta (July 2024)

• Debt-for-nature swaps – no miracle cure
  by Alexander Kozul-Wright (June 2024)

• Are green and blue bonds fit for purpose?
  by Alexander Kozul-Wright (May 2024)

• A failure to reach equitable outcomes: Agriculture and fisheries subsidies in MC13
  by Ranja Sengupta (May 2024)

• The EU’s ETS and free emissions allowances – pitting a subsidised, evolved industry against greenhorns
  by Sangeeta Godbole (April 2024)

• Biodiversity offsets and credits: Key aspects that make them problematic for protecting biodiversity
  (Spanish) (French) by Fernanda Rojas-Marchini & Rosario Carmona (March 2024)

• Risks in trade as a solution for environmental problems
  by Abhijit Das (November 2023)

• Amidst a historic debt crisis and increasing global poverty, the IMF and World Bank fail to deliver in Marrakech
  by Bhumika Muchhala (November 2023)

• Global climate targets: Peaking, emissions reduction and renewable energy
  by T. Jayaraman & Tejal Kanitkar (November 2023)

• Secondary patents threaten access to new TB medicines
  by Prathibha Sivasubramanian (October 2023)
  TB medicine patent landscape

• The UNFCCC Loss and Damage Fund and related processes
  by Vicente Paolo B. Yu III (September 2023)

• How the US can enforce an “unenforceable” IPEF
  by Jane Kelsey (August 2023)

• The US Congress’s role in the IPEF and the possibility of a US “certification” requirement before the IPEF enters into force
  by Jane Kelsey (August 2023)

• Biodiversity targets will not be met without justice
  by Lim Li Ching & Lim Li Lin (August 2023)

• Decoding the IPEF
  by Abhijit Das (June 2023)

• Equity assessment of global mitigation pathways in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
  by T. Jayaraman, Tejal Kanitkar & Akhil Mythri (May 2023)

• Extra AMS entitlements under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture continue to confer additional policy space for developed countries
  by Ranja Sengupta (April 2023)

• Preliminary analysis of the IPEF chapter on good regulatory practice
  by Jane Kelsey (January 2023)

• The CBD must address debt as a driver of biodiversity loss
  by Tova Gaster, Jessica Dempsey, Audrey Irvine-Broque (Centre for Climate Justice, University of British Columbia), Patrick Bigger (Climate and Community Project) & Lim Li Ching (TWN) (December 2022)

• Injunctions: Impact on Access to Medicines in India
  by Sandeep K Rathod (October 2022)

• A global intellectual property waiver is still needed to address the inequities of COVID-19 and future pandemic preparedness
  by Tahir Amin & Aaron S. Kesselheim (October 2022)

• Curiouser and curiouser...: The IMF’s (staff) institutional view on capital controls
  by Manuel F. Montes (July 2022)

• Gendered austerity in the COVID-19 era: A survey of fiscal consolidation in Ecuador and Pakistan
  by Bhumika Muchhala, Vanessa Daza Castillo & Andrea Guillem (April 2022)

• Looking towards WTO MC12: What’s on the table for developing countries and LDCs
  (Spanish) (French) by Kinda Mohamadieh & Ranja Sengupta (April 2022)

• Comments on the leaked draft text of discussions facilitated by the Director-General of the World Trade Organization with respect to the TRIPS Waiver proposal
  by TWN (April 2022)

• Lessons from the pandemic for LDCs: Implementing intellectual property flexibilities
  (French) by Sangeeta Shashikant (March 2022)

• Addressing debt is critical to halting biodiversity loss
  (Spanish) (French) by Jessica Dempsey & Audrey Irvine-Broque (March 2022)

• From Glasgow to Kunming: Climate and biodiversity together at last?
  (Spanish) (French) by Doreen Stabinsky (March 2022)

• A hope fulfilled: Malaysia’s journey to curing hepatitis C
  by Karina Yong (February 2022)

• The post-2020 global biodiversity framework: Taking stock and some key issues
  (Spanish) (Portuguese) (Chinese) (French)
  by Lim Li Lin & Lim Li Ching (December 2021)

• Reference Paper on Services Domestic Regulations: Overview of main content and regulatory implications
  by Kinda Mohamadieh (November 2021)

• Certification of GATS schedules and the plurilateral reference paper on services domestic regulation
  by Jane Kelsey (November 2021)

• Medicines Patent Pool licence strengthens Merck’s market control and undermines the Pool’s core principles
  (Spanish) (French)
  (November 2021)

• “Nature-based solutions” (NbS) and claims about their mitigation potential
  (Spanish) (Chinese) (French) (Portuguese)
  by Doreen Stabinsky (October 2021)

• Briefing note on Services Domestic Regulation JSI text of 27 September 2021
  by Jane Kelsey (October 2021)

• Investment Facilitation Joint Statement Initiative: No home in the WTO
  by Jane Kelsey (September 2021)

• Unheeded risks in the turn towards blended biodiversity finance
  by Jens Christiansen & Lim Li Ching (August 2021)

• Medicinal plant sequence information in the INSDC and its country of origin
  by Edward Hammond (August 2021)

• UNCITRAL's ISDS reform: what it means for developing countries
  by Jane Kelsey & Kinda Mohamadieh (August 2021)

• WTO Green Box subsidies: Recent trends and lessons going forward
  by Ranja Sengupta (July 2021)

• Trade secrets protection and vaccines: The role of medicine regulatory agencies
  (Spanish)
  by K M Gopakumar, Chetali Rao & Sangeeta Shashikant (June 2021)

• Beyond the Gap: Placing Biodiversity Finance in the Global Economy
  (Spanish) (Arabic) (French) (Portuguese) (Chinese)
  (May 2021)

• Main issues for developing countries in relation to the UNCTAD XV Preparatory Committee Compilation Zero Draft
  (March 2021)

• International negotiations by virtual means in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic
  by Vicente Paolo B. Yu III (March 2021)

• Resource mobilization and the Convention on Biological Diversity: moving beyond the gap
  (Arabic) (Spanish) (Portuguese) (French) (Chinese)
  by Jessica Dempsey, Sara Nelson, Jens Christiansen, Audrey Irvine-Broque, Fernanda RojasMarchini, Patrick Bigger, Adriana DiSilvestro, Andrew Schuldt & Elizabeth Shapiro-Garza (February 2021)

• Fiscal SOS via Special Drawing Rights sees growing momentum
  by Bhumika Muchhala & Alexander Kozul-Wright (February 2021)

• LDC Graduation: COVID-19 impacts need to be considered
  (February 2021)

• Questions swirl about proposed WHO pathogen collection
  by Edward Hammond (January 2021)

• Access and benefit sharing for pathogens: An overview of the issues facing the 2021 World Health Assembly and WHO Executive Board
  by Edward Hammond (December 2020)

• India-South Africa proposal for a waiver from certain obligations under the TRIPS Agreement
  by Biswajit Dhar & K.M. Gopakumar (December 2020)

• Nature-based solutions or nature-based seductions?
  (Spanish) (Portuguese) (Chinese) (French) by Doreen Stabinsky (September 2020)

• Corporate power and States’ (in)action in response to the COVID-19 crisis
  by Kinda Mohamadieh (July 2020)

• Covid-19: Trade policy choices for developing countries during and after the pandemic
  by Ranja Sengupta (June 2020)

• Covid-19 reveals everything
  by Bhumika Muchhala (June 2020)

• International negotiations by virtual means in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic
  by Vicente Paolo Yu (June 2020)

• Learnings for UNCITRAL WGIII from the WTO’s dispute settlement regime
  by Jane Kelsey (March 2020)

• Malaysia’s medicine prices shown to be high
  by Dr Lim Chee Han (March 2020)

• TWN Briefing Paper No. 105:
  The equitable sharing of atmospheric and development space
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 104:
  What should we learn from the Novartis judgment?
  by KM Gopakumar
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 103:
  Disciplining Non-discriminatory Domestic Regulations in the Services Sectors – Another Plurilateral Track at the WTO
  by Kinda Mohamadieh
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 102:
  Investment Facilitation – Another Plurilateral Initiative at the WTO and Its Potential Implications
  by Kinda Mohamadieh
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 101:
  Understanding the EU’s Understanding on Computer and Related Services
  by Professor Jane Kelsey
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 100:
  Policy Brief on Patents and Pre-Grant Opposition in India
  (Spanish) by Veena Johari, K M Gopakumar & Arundhati Abhyankar
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 99:
  Ebola: Company avoids benefit-sharing obligation by using sequences
  (French) by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 98:
  Juxtaposing SDG 2 on food security and sustainable agriculture with WTO trade negotiations
  by Ranja Sengupta
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 97:
  A summary of public concerns on investment treaties and investor-state dispute settlement
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 96:
  The trust limitations of cryptocurrencies
  by Chakravarthi Raghavan
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 95:
  The road to Buenos Aires, December 2017: Agriculture remains key
  by Ranja Sengupta
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 94:
  India’s trade agreements and human rights
  by Ranja Sengupta
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 93:
  Gene sequences and biopiracy: Protecting benefit-sharing as synthetic biology changes access to genetic resources
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 92:
  Thousands of pages of DivSeek internal e-mails released, offering detailed insight into the controversial agricultural “big data” project
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 91:
  IRRI seeks patents on yield-boosting gene taken from Indonesian farmers’ rice
  (Spanish) by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 90:
  The TPPA provides for illegal GMO contamination of our food
  by Lim Li Lin & Lim Li Ching
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 89:
  Tourism at the tipping point: Governance for future generations
  by Alison M. Johnston
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 88:
  Ecotourism – An unsustainable delusion
  by Anita Pleumarom
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 87:
  DivSeek founder offers patent rights on climate change genes to Syngenta and DuPont in exchange for $400,000
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 86:
  Synthetic biology and agriculture: Access to genetic data is “the big issue of our time”
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 85:
  Digital genebankers plan to ignore UN request on the impact of genomics and synthetic biology on access and benefit sharing
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 84:
  Clarins raw deal for Africa
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 83:
  First Financing for Development review forum fails to deliver meaningful outcomes
  (Spanish) by Ranja Sengupta & Bhumika Muchhala
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 82:
  US company claims traditional knowledge useful against antibiotic resistance as its own "invention"
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 81:
  Synthetic biopiracy gets real with Inovio’s deceptive influenza patent claim
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 80:
  Renewable energy agency parrots patent propaganda
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 79:
  Amid controversy and irony, Costa Rica’s INBio surrenders biodiversity collections and lands to the state
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 78:
  US cosmetics firm claims skin cream from China and Vietnam’s xianmu tree
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 77:
  Anthonina, Monsanto’s pirated purple carrot from Turkey
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 76:
  Better beer biopiracy: Indian farmers’ barley patented by Japanese brewer
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 75:
  The African cancer drug claimed by Bristol-Myers, Novartis and Bayer
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 74:
  Aided by genomic technologies, the patent pillage of Andean tomato diversity continues
  (Spanish) by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 73:
  Q&A on US ‘certification’ of compliance with trade agreements
  by Jane Kelsey & Sanya Reid Smith
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 72:
  African genes protect Syngenta’s seedless watermelon business
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 71:
  Exploring elements of a global development agenda for international trade and investment
  (Spanish) (French) by Sanya Reid Smith & Ranja Sengupta
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 70:
  Strengthening resilience of modern farming systems: A key prerequisite for sustainable agricultural production in an era of climate change
  by Miguel A. Altieri, Parviz Koohafkan & Clara Nicholls
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 69:
  Amplifying the private sector in development: Concerns, questions and risks
  by Bhumika Muchhala
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 68:
  The gender dynamics of trade and investment and the post-2015 development agenda: A developing-country perspective
  by Ranja Sengupta
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 67:
  Merck’s appetite for African microbes
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 66:
  Agricultural technologies for a warming world
  by Lim Li Ching
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 65:
  The FfD challenge: Financing for development requires fundamental changes in the international financial system
  by Bhumika Muchhala
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 64:
  The Avon Lady comes collecting Asian medicinal plants
  by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 63:
  Agriculture and climate change State of play in the UNFCCC – Decisions from the Durban Climate Conference
  (Spanish) by Doreen Stabinsky
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 62:
  MNC patent monopoly and takeover of generics in India
  by K.M. Gopakumar
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 61:
  Marker-assisted biopiracy: Ex situ wild tomato collections, genetic breeding techniques and patent claims
  (Spanish) by Edward Hammond
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 60:
  Analysis of leaked US paper on eliminating patent pre-grant opposition
  by Public Citizen, Health GAP, I-MAK and Third World Network
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 59:
  IMF Financial Package for Low-income Countries: Much Ado about Nothing?
  by Bhumika Muchhala, Nuria Molina, Peter Chowla and Soren Ambrose
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 58:
  Innovative Financing Mechanisms in Response to the Global Financial Crisis: Addressing the External Financing Gaps through Proposals on Financial Transactions Taxes, Special drawing rights, and reserve System reform
  by Bhumika Muchhala
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 57:
  Why we need to save the Kyoto Protocol
  by Lim Li Lin
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 56:
  Rethinking agriculture
  by Lim Li Ching, Elenita Daño & Hira Jhamtani
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 55:
  Scientists Find Organic Agriculture Can Feed the World & More
  by Dr. Mae-Wan Ho
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 54:
  "Exceptions and limitations" in copyright vital for South countries
  by Teresa Hackett
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 53:
  Round no one wanted now proving diffcult to end
  by Chakravarthi Raghavan
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 52:
  Is ecological agriculture productive?
  by Lim Li Ching
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 51:
  US academic exposes IP maximalists' TRIPS-Plus-Plus agenda
  by Sangeeta Shashikant
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 50:
  Behind the July failure of the WTO’s Doha talks
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 49:
  Action needed to expand exceptions and limitations to copyright law
  by Gwen Hinze
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 48:
  Analysis of the SSM text of the Chair’s agriculture modalities paper (19 May 2008)
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 47:
  The current global fnancial turmoil and Asian developing countries
  by Yilmaz Akyüz
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 46:
  Is what is good for ‘sealing’ the Doha talks good for the trading system?
  by Chakravarthi Raghavan
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 45:
  The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: A major victory and challenge
  by Victoria Tauli-Corpuz
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 44:
  Reform of the international financial architecture
  by Yilmaz Akyüz
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 43:
  Private equity: Pecuniary logic and enterprise restructuring
  by Andrew Cornford & Anthony Travis
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 42:
  The multilateral trading system: The need for basic reform
  by Bhagirath Lal Das
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 41:
  Surveys show EU’s Green Box subsidies are trade-distorting
  by Marita Wiggerthale
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 40:
  Development issues crucial for post-2012 climate regime
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 39:
  Implications of bilateral FTAs on access to medicines
  by Carlos Correa
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 38:
  SPS measures lead to high costs and losses for developing countries
  by Mehdi Shafaeddin
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 37:
  Reignited Debate on Regulation of Hedge Funds
  by Andrew Cornford
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 36:
  Difficult path ahead in the WTO
  by Bhagirath Lal Das
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 35:
  Debt-Relief Countries Can Make Use of More Policy Space
  by Celine Tan
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 34:
  The WTO: What next?
  by Bhagirath Lal Das
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 33:
  Why the EU and US Offers on Farm Trade are Not Good Enough
  by Bhagirath Lal Das
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 32:
  Reforming the IMF: Back to the Drawing Board
  by Yilmaz Akyüz
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 31:
  An Appraisal of the WTO’s Hong Kong Ministerial Outcome
  by Muchkund Dubey
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 30:
  Imbalances in the WTO’s Hong Kong Ministerial Outcome
  by Bhagirath Lal Das
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 29:
  An Assessment of the WTO’s Hong Kong Ministerial, December 2005
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 28:
  The WTO Negotiations on NAMA: TWN Statement at European Parliament
  by Third World Network
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 27:
  The Price of Going to Market
  by Laura Carlsen
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 26:
  Developing Countries Need to Wake Up to the Realities of the NAMA Negotiations
  by Ha-Joon Chang
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 25:
  NAMA Negotiations in the WTO: Binding and Reduction of Tariffs
  by Bhagirath Lal Das
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 24:
  Some Observations of the Question of Coherence and Development
  by Yilmaz Akyüz
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 23:
  Patents and Access to Medicines: What Can be Done at National Level
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 22:
  Comments on the WTO’s Geneva “July 2004 Package”
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 21:
  GSTP for Enhancing South-South Trade
  by Bhagirath Lal Das
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 20:
  Behind the Collapse of the WTO Cancun Ministerial
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 19:
  Comment by TWN on the Draft Cancun Text of 13 Sept 2003
  by Third World Network
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 18:
  Trade and Competition Policy in the WTO
  by Cecilia Oh
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 17:
  The New “Deal” on TRIPS and Drugs: What Does it Mean for Access to Medicines?
  by Cecilia Oh
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 16:
  The WTO “Singapore Issues”: What’s at Stake and Why it Matters
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 15:
  Comments on the Draft Cancun Ministerial Text of 24 August 2003
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 14:
  Some Key Issues in Cancun
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 13:
  “Partnerships” that Raise More Questions than Answers
  by Saradha Ramaswamy Iyer
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 12:
  Making Big Corporations Accountable
  by Martin Khor
  


• TWN Briefing Paper No. 11:
  Services Negotiations in the WTO: Requests and Offers
  by Bhagirath Lal Das
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 10:
  Agriculture in the WTO: After the Chairman’s Text
  by Bhagirath Lal Das



• TWN Briefing Paper No. 9:
  Pills, Patents and Profits: The Fight for Affordable Medicines for All
  by Cecilia Oh
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 8:
  Sustainable Agriculture is Productive
  by Lim Li Ching
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 7:
  IPRs and Biodiversity: Stop the Theft of Indigenous Knowledge
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 6:
  Foreign-Investment Regulation in HistoricalPerspective — Lessons for the Proposed WTO Agreemant on Investment
  by Ha-Joon Chang
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 5:
  Sustainable Agriculture: Critical Ecological, Social and Economic Issues
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 4:
  The 'Flexibility Myth': Why GATS Is A Bad Model For A New WTO Investment Agreement
  by Peter Hardstaff
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 3:
  Some Suggestions for Modalities in Agriculture Negotiations
  by Bhagirath Lal Das
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 2:
  Present problems and future shape of the WTO and the multilateral trading system
  by Martin Khor
  
  
• TWN Briefing Paper No. 1:
  New Issues & New Round in the WTO
  by Bhagirath Lal Das