TWN Info Service on WTO and Trade Issues (Jul17/14)
21 July 2017
Third World Network
Brazil joins hands with EU, strikes death blow to G20
Published in SUNS #8505 dated 19 July 2017
Geneva, 18 Jul (D. Ravi Kanth) -- Brazil has finally struck a death blow to the
G20 coalition of developing countries that it had created in 2003 for reforming
the global agriculture, after joining hands with its erstwhile foe - the
European Union - for tabling a proposal on domestic support. The proposal
leaves the two big subsidizers - the United States and the EU - in the
industrialized world almost untouched, several trade envoys told SUNS.
The joint proposal issued by the EU and Brazil along with Peru, Uruguay, and
Colombia on 17 July covers three issues - trade-distorting domestic support,
the approaches to the permanent solution for public stockholding programs for
food security, and cotton.
On domestic support, the five proponents called for commitments for reducing
the trade-distorting domestic support comprising amber box subsidies (aggregate
measurement of support) and de minimis support.
The restricted document Job/AG/99 issued by the EU and four developing
countries says that developed countries shall reduce [x%] of the total value
"of agricultural production as of [2018], while developing Members shall
not provide trade distorting domestic support in excess of [X+2%] of the total
value of agricultural production as of [2022]. This paragraph shall not apply
to least developed Members."
The second option provided in the proposal maintains: "Developed Members
shall not provide trade distorting domestic support in excess of [X%] of the
total value of agricultural production as of [2018], while Developing Members
shall not provide trade-distorting domestic support in excess of [X%] as of
[XXXX]. From [2022] until [XXXX], developing Members shall not provide
trade-distorting domestic support in excess of [X+Y%] of the total value of
agricultural production. This paragraph shall not apply to least developed
Members."
The proponents said categorically that "trade-distorting domestic support
shall include the domestic support referred to in Articles 6.3 and 6.4 of the
Agreement on Agriculture [implying the AMS and de minimis commitments]".
On Blue Box production-limiting direct payments, it says "members agree to
the objective of including Blue Box support (Article 6.5) in the overall
ceiling referred to in paragraph 1, subject to the terms to be defined by
[MC12]."
The negotiations to do so on Blue Box should take into account:
(a) That Blue Box support does not have the trade distorting effect of Amber
Box support and so should be accounted for differently, thus ensuring a
continued incentive for Members to use the Blue Box to move away from Amber Box
support.
(b) The need for adequate transitional periods.
(c) The efforts already made by those Members who have used the Blue Box by the
date of this decision to move away from Amber Box support in a manner that is
compatible with the objectives of this decision.
Further, it says "the total value of agricultural production for a Member
shall be calculated as the average value of production of agricultural products
which the Member has notified for the three most recent years for which
domestic support notifications have been examined by the Committee on Agriculture.
The total value of agricultural production shall be updated annually on the
basis of information provided by Members to the WTO Secretariat, as referred to
in paragraph 5."
It also imposes enhanced transparency notifications as well as monitoring provisions
in relation to all domestic support measures.
As regards the permanent solution for public stockholding programs for food
security, the five-page proposal suggests different approaches.
It says "the proponents agree that any decision on domestic support should
provide for a definitive solution on the issue of public stocks for food
security purposes that would cover programs that existed at the time of the
Bali Declaration and new programs under certain conditions, as well as all
programs of public stockholding for food security applied by least developed
Members."
The five countries said they would like to suggest the following as one of the
possible approaches to that effect:
"Domestic support provided for traditional staple food crops in pursuance
of public stockholding programmes for food security purposes, that are
consistent with the criteria of paragraph 3, footnote 5, and footnotes 5 and 6
of Annex 2 to the Agreement on Agriculture, shall not be required to be
accounted for in the limit set out in paragraph 1 of the present Decision and
shall not be required to be accounted for in the AMS provided that the support
falls into one of the following categories:
(a) Support applied by a least developed Member.
(b) Support applied by any other developing member if the value of the stocks
procured does not exceed [10%] of the average value of production of that
product in that Member as notified in the three latest domestic support
notifications examined by the Committee on Agriculture before the date of
adoption of the current Decision. The value of production shall be updated
annually on the basis of information provided by Members to the WTO
Secretariat, as referred to in paragraph 8.
(c) Support provided under programmes which existed at the date of the Decision
of the Bali Ministerial Conference on public stockholding for food security
purposes and provided that the member concerned respects the requirements of
that Decision."
The proponents imposed several other conditions for availing the permanent
solution. They include that any developing Member seeking to benefit from the
permanent solution shall:
"(a) Notify the Committee on Agriculture of the value of production and
value of acquired stocks of the product concerned prior to the implementation
of the public stockholding programme. The value of production shall be updated
annually on the basis of information provided by Members to the WTO
Secretariat, according to paragraph 8.
(b) Fulfil and continue to fulfil its domestic support notification
requirements under the Agreement on Agriculture in accordance with document
G/AG/2 of 30 June 1995.
(c) Provide, and continue to provide on an annual basis, additional information
by completing the template contained in the Annex of this Decision, for each
public stockholding programme that it maintains for food security purposes and
provide any additional relevant statistical information described in the
Statistical Appendix to the Annex as soon as possible after it becomes
available, as well as any information updating or correcting any information
earlier submitted.
(d) Ensure that stocks procured under such programmes do not distort trade or
adversely affect the food security of other Members. To this end, no direct
export from the stocks shall occur upon the release of products from the stocks
nor any release of products from the stock shall occur on the condition that
they are exported."
On cotton, it merely suggested that "in accordance with the Ministerial
mandate to address cotton ambitiously, expeditiously and specifically, Members
shall agree to an overall limit, as defined in paragraph 1, on all the
trade-distorting domestic support provided for cotton at [W%] of the cotton
value of production."
However, issues concerning "the impact on trade of the product-specific
limit for cotton" are deferred to next year.
In short, the proposal does not address the Blue Box production-limiting direct
payments as well as hundreds of billions of dollars of Green Box subsidies that
are also found to be trade-distorting.
Moreover, it unabashedly undermines the interests of hundreds of millions of
poor and livelihood farmers in developing countries such as China, India, and
Indonesia among others.
The proposal ensures that the big subsidizers who engaged in devious schemes of
box-shifting will be able to continue with their subsidies regardless of their
trade-distorting effect.
The US and the EU will not have anything in terms of new commitments while
developing countries undertake onerous commitments to reduce their de minimis.
Even though many developing countries did not have AMS commitments in the
Uruguay Round, they are now being asked to pay a price by Brazil which had
created the G20 developing country coalition in August 2003. After 14 years, Brazil
reversed its historic decision. +