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TWN Info Service on Finance and Development (Nov17/02)
10 November 2017
Third World Network

   
OTC derivatives market rebounds to $542 trillion
Published in SUNS #8569 dated 7 November 2017


Geneva, 6 Nov (Kanaga Raja) - The global market for over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives rebounded in the first half of this year, with the notional amount of outstanding contracts rising from $482 trillion at end-December 2016 to $542 trillion at end-June 2017, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) has reported.

In its latest statistical release up to end-June 2017, BIS however said their gross market value, which provides a more meaningful measure of market and counterparty credit risk, declined further in the first half of 2017, from $15 trillion to less than $13 trillion.

"The last time the gross market value of all OTC derivatives had been below $13 trillion was end-June 2007," it noted.

According to the Basel-based central bank for the world's central banks, gross credit exposures, which adjust gross market values for legally enforceable bilateral netting agreements (but not for collateral), also fell to their lowest level since 2007.

They declined from $3.3 trillion at end-December 2016 to $2.8 trillion at end-June 2017.

In notional terms, said BIS, interest rate contracts dominated OTC derivatives markets, and consequently activity in this segment drove overall activity.

The notional amount of outstanding OTC interest rate derivatives rose from $368 trillion to $416 trillion in the first half of 2017.

"Contracts denominated in all major currencies except the yen rose. The appreciation of major currencies against the US dollar over this period boosted the US dollar value of contracts denominated in these currencies, yet even after adjusting for exchange rate movements notional amounts were up."

According to BIS, the rise in notional amounts was concentrated in interest rate contracts with a maturity of one year or less, which climbed from $160 trillion at end-December 2016 to $193 trillion at end-June 2017.

"This suggests that the rise was driven by increased positioning and hedging at the short end of the yield curve, possibly in response to changing expectations about the outlook for monetary policy," said BIS.

Even as notional amounts rose, the gross market value of OTC interest rate derivatives fell further, to $8.5 trillion at end-June 2017, its lowest level since 2007.

The gross market value of contracts denominated in US dollars fell by 22% in the first half of 2017 to $1.8 trillion.

During the same period, there were similar falls for contracts denominated in yen (down by 16% to $0.6 trillion) and in euros (down by 14% to $4 trillion).

"These declines likely reflected increases in long-term yields, which reduced the gap between market interest rates on the reporting date and rates prevailing at contract inception."

In OTC foreign exchange (FX) derivatives markets, notional amounts rose to a record high of $77 trillion at end- June 2017, up from $69 trillion at end-December 2016.

According to BIS, activity in short-term instruments, in particular FX forwards and swaps, drove the increase.

"In contrast to other OTC derivatives, most FX derivatives require counterparties to repay the notional amount at maturity and thus can be viewed as a form of collateralised borrowing, with the associated foreign currency re-payment and liquidity risks," it said.

Concentration among FX dealers edged higher in the first half of 2017, it added.

The concentration of reporting dealers' outstanding positions - as measured by the Herfindahl index, where a higher number indicates that the market is dominated by a few dealers - had fallen steadily in the years after the 2007-09 Great Financial Crisis.

This trend stopped in 2015, BIS noted.

The Herfindahl index for FX forwards, FX swaps and currency swaps subsequently rose from 444 at end-June 2015 to 488 at end-June 2017, indicating that larger dealers gained market share over this period.

According to BIS, central clearing continued to make inroads in OTC derivatives markets.

As regards CDS (credit default swap) markets, the cleared segment rose from $4.3 trillion to $4.9 trillion in the first half of 2017, even as the total notional amount of outstanding CDS declined slightly.

Consequently, the share of outstanding CDS cleared through central counterparties (CCPs) jumped from 44% at end-December 2016 to 51% at end-June 2017.

Bilateral contracts between reporting dealers declined further in the first half of 2017, to $2.9 trillion.

These shifts are consistent with the novation of contracts between dealers to CCPs, said BIS.

As for OTC interest rate derivatives markets, the share of central clearing was little changed in the first half of 2017.

Reporting dealers' positions booked against CCPs rose in parallel with the rise in notional amounts, to $320 trillion at end-June 2017.

This left the share of cleared positions at 77%, similar to the share a year earlier, said BIS.

 


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